Table of contents
How to tell if your pet is suffering from a cat disease?
What cat diseases can your four-legged friend get?
Metabolic and endocrine diseases in cats
Digestive system diseases in cats
Urinary and kidney diseases in cats
Musculoskeletal diseases in cats
Skin diseases and allergies in cats
Cardiovascular diseases in cats
Tumors and connective tissue diseases in cats
Genetic and hereditary diseases in cats
Aging and geriatric diseases in cats
Cat diseases can develop gradually and remain unnoticed for a long time. Knowing the symptoms helps to react faster and start treatment.
Key information
Early symptoms of diseases can be subtle. Loss of appetite and lethargy, as well as diarrhea or vomiting, should prompt a visit to the veterinarian.
Vaccinations protect against many serious diseases, such as panleukopenia or FeLV, and regular deworming and skin checks help avoid parasites.
Older cats are particularly vulnerable to chronic diseases, including kidney failure, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and hearing problems.
How to tell if your pet is suffering from a cat disease?
Outdoor cats are more exposed to diseases than indoor ones, as the risk outside the home is much greater. Due to their independence, four-legged friends may respond to illness with unfriendly behavior towards people and other animals and isolate themselves from any company.
Cats instinctively hide symptoms of illness as a defense mechanism, which makes early detection more difficult compared to dogs. The danger associated with cat diseases can be reduced through proper diet, hygiene care, and regular veterinary visits.
Symptoms exhibited by a sick cat also include:
• loss of appetite and weight
• vomiting
• diarrhea or constipation
• fever
Changes in fur and skin, as well as fluid flowing from the nose and eyes, will also be observable. The pet will also have problems with bad breath and urination. Other symptoms of cat diseases include breathing difficulties. If you notice any of the above signs, take the cat to the veterinarian.
What cat diseases can your four-legged friend get?
Skin, dental, kidney problems, as well as issues with defecation and breathing are among the most common cat diseases.
Infectious diseases of cats
Infectious diseases spread easily, especially where animals live in groups. Some develop quickly and have a severe course, being among the most dangerous diseases for cats, but many can be effectively prevented through vaccination and proper care.
Cat cold
This is one of the most common viral infections in cats. The most vulnerable are young animals and those living in groups. The disease is caused by two viruses: herpesvirus (FHV-1) and calicivirus (FCV).
Typical symptoms include sneezing, coughing, fever, nasal and eye discharge, and loss of appetite. The cat may be weak and refuse to eat, so sometimes it needs to be fed forcibly. Treatment is based on antiviral medications and regular cleaning of the mouth and eyes. If the runny nose lasts longer, antibiotics are also included in the therapy.
Panleukopenia (typhus)
A very dangerous viral disease caused by FPV. Kittens that did not receive immunity from their mother or were not vaccinated suffer the most severely. The virus attacks the digestive system, bone marrow, and immune cells.
Symptoms include severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, fever, and apathy. Treatment involves intensive hydration, administration of antiemetic drugs, and antibiotics to protect against infections. The disease can be prevented by vaccination.
Feline AIDS (FIV)
FIV is a virus similar to human HIV. It destroys the cat's immune system, making the animal susceptible to infections that would not have been dangerous before.
Symptoms appear over time. The cat loses weight, weakens, has fever, and often falls ill. There is no cure that eliminates the virus. However, the cat's body can be supported by caring for its diet and environment and treating secondary infections.
Feline leukemia (FeLV)
FeLV is a virus that impairs immunity and can lead to tumors, anemia, and serious infections. It is classified as a fatal cat disease. Infected animals are often weak, have no appetite, and lose weight.
As the disease progresses, enlarged lymph nodes and recurring infections may appear. FeLV is one of the incurable cat diseases, but with proper care, cats can live for a longer time. There is also a vaccine that reduces the risk of infection.
Parasitic diseases of cats
Parasites are one of the more common health problems in cats. They can attack both internally and externally, and their presence often does not immediately show visible symptoms.
Intestinal worms
Mainly affect outdoor cats, but not exclusively. The most common are roundworms and tapeworms. They cause diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, bloating, and general weakness.
Treatment involves deworming. It is advisable to periodically check feces and apply prevention, especially if the cat has contact with other animals.
Cat scabies
Occurs in skin or ear form. It manifests as intense itching, redness, skin scaling, and hair loss. In the case of ear mites, there is also a dark, waxy discharge in the ears.
Infection occurs through direct contact with an infected animal or shared items, such as bedding or bowls. Especially vulnerable are young, old, and weakened cats. Treatment can be long and requires patience.
Hemobartonellosis
Caused by a microorganism mainly transmitted by fleas and ticks. It attacks red blood cells, which can lead to anemia, fever, weakness, and in chronic form, weight loss.
The disease has a more severe course in cats infected with FIV or FeLV. Diagnosis requires blood tests and smears. Cats that have recovered from the infection can become carriers.
External parasites
Fleas, ticks, and lice are typical external parasites of cats. They cause itching, redness, hair loss, and allergic reactions. Some of them transmit dangerous diseases, such as hemobartonellosis.
Fleas can cause tapeworm infection. Parasites spread easily, so regular skin checks and the use of protective products are important.
Metabolic and endocrine diseases in cats
Metabolic and hormonal disorders in cats most often appear with age but can also be related to diet or lifestyle. Symptoms can be subtle, so they are easy to overlook.
Diabetes
It most commonly occurs in older and obese cats. The disease is associated with insulin deficiency or resistance to its action, leading to increased blood sugar levels.
A cat with diabetes drinks more, urinates more often, loses weight despite appetite, and is weak. Treatment involves insulin administration, an appropriate diet, and regular glucose level monitoring.
Hyperthyroidism
This mainly affects older cats. The thyroid then produces too many hormones, which speeds up metabolism and strains other organs, especially the heart and kidneys.
The cat may have a very good appetite but still lose weight. It may also be hyperactive, restless, and have an elevated heart rate. Treatment includes antithyroid drugs, dietary changes, and sometimes surgery.
Cushing's syndrome
This is a rare but serious disease in cats related to excess cortisol. The most common cause is a tumor of the pituitary gland or adrenal glands.
The cat drinks a lot, urinates frequently, loses fur, gains weight, and becomes apathetic. Treatment may include medication or surgery.
Digestive system diseases in cats
Digestive problems in cats can appear suddenly and quickly lead to dehydration. Various digestive issues in cats can manifest in very similar ways, so prompt consultation with a veterinarian is important.
Pancreatitis
This is a serious condition requiring immediate help. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, lethargy, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
Diagnosis is usually based on an ultrasound examination. Treatment is adjusted to the cat's condition and may include hydration, painkillers, and a low-fat diet.
Diarrhea
This is a symptom that can indicate many different ailments, including infections, kidney diseases, or the presence of parasites. It is often accompanied by vomiting and lethargy.
In kittens, dehydration can develop quickly, so it is important not to delay a visit to the veterinarian. Until a diagnosis is made, it is advisable to give the cat only water and easily digestible food.
Constipation
It appears, among other things, with low activity, a diet low in fiber, or after eating something hard to digest. A several-day absence of stool in the litter box should raise concern.
Cats with constipation often move unsteadily and adopt unnatural postures when trying to defecate. Treatment includes antispasmodics, laxatives, and dietary changes.
Liver diseases
The most common include fatty liver, inflammations, and cirrhosis. Symptoms are jaundice, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and weakness.
There can be many causes, including diet, toxins, or other disorders. Treatment depends on diagnosis and may include specialized diets, supportive medications, and hydration.
Urinary and kidney diseases in cats
Cats are particularly sensitive to kidney and bladder disorders. Many of these problems develop quietly, so their symptoms are easily overlooked.
Chronic kidney failure
This is a common disease in older cats. It involves the gradual loss of the kidneys' ability to filter toxins from the body.
Symptoms include vomiting, weakness, loss of appetite, poor coat condition, and increased thirst and urination. Treatment is based on a low-protein diet, medications supporting kidney function, and regular hydration.
Urinary stones
They form in the bladder or other parts of the urinary system. They can make urination difficult or completely block it, which is associated with pain and risk of complications.
Symptoms include frequent visits to the litter box, blood in urine, vomiting, apathy, and anxiety. Treatment depends on the type of stones and may include diet, medication, or surgery.
Idiopathic cystitis
A disorder of unclear origin, often related to stress. The cat may have difficulty urinating, eliminate outside the litter box, and lick the intimate areas.
Behavioral changes such as irritability or aggression often also appear. Treatment involves agents that rebuild the bladder walls and reducing stress factors.
Interstitial cystitis
It occurs when urine irritates the damaged inner surface of the bladder. This results in severe pain and can resemble other urological problems.
The therapy uses compounds that rebuild the bladder mucosa. Treatment is similar to that in humans and is individually tailored by the veterinarian.
Musculoskeletal diseases in cats
Some musculoskeletal disorders can significantly affect a cat's daily functioning. The most common are joint inflammations that limit its mobility.
Arthritis
It is a chronic degenerative disease that causes pain, stiffness, and limited movement. The cat may avoid jumping, move more cautiously, and be less active.
Treatment involves administering anti-inflammatory drugs, supportive supplements, and possibly physiotherapy.
Autoimmune arthritis
It causes the immune system to attack the joints, causing inflammation. Symptoms include pain, swelling, difficulty moving, and weakness.
Treatment involves administering anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and alleviating symptoms.
Skin diseases and allergies in cats
Skin changes in cats can have various causes. Sometimes they result from allergies, and sometimes from grooming issues or parasites.
Dandruff
It is most visible in cats with dark fur. It appears as white or yellowish flakes that settle on the coat. It may result from a poor diet, dry air, or dermatological problems.
Introducing nutrient-rich cat food, especially omega-3 fatty acids. You can also use a moisturizing spray for the fur.
Allergies
They can have dietary, environmental, or parasitic sources. The most common symptoms are itching, skin redness, hair loss, and skin changes.
In the case of food allergies, vomiting or diarrhea may also occur. Flea allergy often leads to intense scratching and wounds. Treatment depends on the type of allergy and may include diet changes, antihistamines, or anti-inflammatory agents.
Respiratory diseases in cats
The cat's respiratory system protects the airways from contaminants by warming and humidifying the inhaled air. Coughing or difficulty breathing may signal an infection or other serious conditions of this system.
Cat cough
It most often appears with respiratory infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis. It can also accompany parasites or more serious diseases like tumors.
If the cough persists, you should visit a veterinarian. After treatment, it is worth boosting the cat's immunity and limiting its outdoor exposure on cold days.
Eye and oral diseases in cats
Many diseases affecting the eyes and mouth show clear symptoms such as pain, discharge, or reluctance to eat. If left untreated, they can quickly worsen, so it is important to respond immediately.
Prolapse of the third eyelid
It mainly affects outdoor cats. The third eyelid, called the nictitating membrane, may become visible during viral infections. Its drooping is a concerning symptom.
It is often accompanied by swelling and redness of the eyes. It may indicate tapeworm infection or other diseases, so a prompt consultation with a veterinarian is necessary.
Conjunctivitis
This is one of the more common ailments in cats. Causes may include caliciviruses, mycoplasmas, or allergies. Symptoms include cloudy eye discharge, redness, and itching.
Treatment involves applying antibiotic ointment for several days. It is important to remember that after opening, the preparation is only usable for a limited time.
Glaucoma
It causes increased pressure inside the eye, leading to pain and potentially loss of vision. It is usually a consequence of other eye diseases. Symptoms include redness, behavior changes, and avoiding food.
The cat may also rub its head against furniture or the floor. In the early stage, drops are used; in advanced cases, surgery may be required.
Gingivitis
It manifests as poor appetite, drooling, and swelling around the mouth. Causes include tartar buildup and plasmacytic inflammation.
In severe cases, bleeding occurs. When antibiotics are ineffective, tooth extraction and feeding soft food may be necessary.
Periodontal disease
It affects many cats over three years old. It develops due to the accumulation of plaque and tartar, leading to inflammation of the tissues around the tooth.
Symptoms include bleeding gums, pain, bad breath, and loose teeth. Treatment includes teeth cleaning, antibiotics, and sometimes tooth extraction.
Cardiovascular diseases in cats
Heart problems can affect both purebred and mixed-breed cats. Symptoms are often nonspecific, so regular check-ups are important.
Cardiomyopathy
It can appear in young cats, even between the second and fourth year of life. It affects various breeds, including Maine Coons, British Shorthairs, Persians, Siamese, Rexes, Sphynxes, and Bengals, as well as mixed-breed cats.
The most common symptoms are difficulty breathing, lethargy, weakness, and fainting. The disease can lead to sudden cardiac death. It is diagnosed through an echocardiogram. Treatment is supportive and improves the cat's quality of life.
Neurological diseases in cats
Neurological diseases in cats manifest as movement disorders, seizures, or unusual behavior. Even a single episode should be consulted with a veterinarian.
Epilepsy
This is a neurological disorder that causes recurrent seizures. It may have a genetic, traumatic, or idiopathic origin.
Besides seizures, symptoms include loss of consciousness and unusual behavior. Treatment involves administering antiepileptic drugs and monitoring to avoid seizure triggers.
Tumors and connective tissue diseases in cats
Tumors in cats can develop in various organs and tissues. Symptoms include weight loss, lack of appetite, ulcers, and pain.
Lymphoma
This is a tumor of the lymphatic system and one of the most common cancers in cats. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, loss of appetite, weight loss, and weakness.
Treatment is based on chemotherapy, sometimes supported by medication or radiotherapy. Prognosis depends on the location and stage of the disease.
Squamous cell carcinoma
This is an aggressive skin cancer that most often appears in light-colored cats. Lesions develop in sun-exposed areas such as the nose or ears.
Symptoms include ulcers, bleeding, and pain. Treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor, sometimes combined with radiotherapy.
Genetic and hereditary diseases in cats
Some diseases develop due to congenital defects and may appear early in a cat's life. They most often affect the kidneys or heart.
PKD
This is a hereditary kidney disease that leads to cyst formation. It mainly affects Persian cats and related breeds. Over time, these cysts disrupt kidney function and can cause kidney failure.
Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, loss of appetite, vomiting, and lethargy. Treatment is supportive and based on constant health monitoring.
Aging and geriatric diseases in cats
Older cats develop changes that affect daily functioning. Some progress slowly and are difficult to prevent.
Hearing loss
This is a common problem in elderly cats. It can be caused by aging but also by infections, injuries, or tumors.
Symptoms include lack of response to sounds, louder meowing, and behavioral changes. Treatment depends on the cause, and the caregiver should adjust the environment to the animal's needs.
Sudden conditions in cats
Some life-threatening situations for cats arise suddenly and require immediate action. The faster help is provided, the greater the chance of recovery.
Hypothermia
It occurs when body temperature drops below normal. It is especially dangerous for kittens and older cats.
Symptoms include trembling, lethargy, slow pulse, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves warming the body, administering fluids, and determining the cause of the hypothermia.
Summary
Cats suffer from many different ailments. These include viral infections, kidney problems, heart issues, musculoskeletal disorders, and age-related symptoms. Some develop slowly and show signs such as loss of appetite, behavioral changes, difficulty urinating, vomiting, or shortness of breath.
Other diseases, such as pancreatitis, appear suddenly and require urgent help. Early detection of symptoms and regular visits to the veterinarian increase the chances of effective treatment. Prevention includes vaccinations, a proper diet, and hygiene.
